The case demonstrates the importance of having well-established hospital algorithms for fracture related infection (FRI)/periprosthetic
joint infection (PJI) treatment and strictly following them at each step. In most severe cases related to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, a multiple-stage protocol is indicated, and intra-articular infusions of antibiotics should be considered in addition to standard intravenous regimens.

An infected bone fracture can lead to long-lasting problems with movement, daily function, and mental well-being. A review of 15 studies found that physical recovery often stayed below normal even after 1 year or more. Overall mental quality of life seemed stable, but other tests showed signs of ongoing depression. The evidence was mixed and limited, therefore better long-term studies and regular psychological screening are needed.

Serious bone infections can stop broken bones from healing and may lead to limb loss. We studied 22 people treated with a transplant of living bone from another part of the body to save the affected limb. Almost three-quarters achieved bone healing and infection control, although recovery often took many months, and a few patients still required amputation. Some patients required an additional bone graft. Long-term follow-up is essential when evaluating this treatment.

Surgical debridement with implant retention (DAIR) fails in up to 55 % of prosthetic joint infections. In 224 patients, the Kidney, Liver, Index surgery, Cemented prosthesis and C-reactive protein (KLIC) score showed no discrimination of DAIR failure versus a new model (areas under the curve 0.53 vs 0.85), including comorbidity, C-reactive protein, revision prosthesis, time to surgery, and Gram-negative/polymicrobial infection. Three failure-risk groups were identified: 25.5 %, 45.6 %, and 87.9 %.

Deep infections after spinal surgery are serious complications requiring surgery and prolonged antibiotic therapy. In this study, we analysed 161 patients with deep surgical-site infections after spinal instrumentation to identify factors associated with treatment failure. Gram-negative infections seemed linked to worse outcomes, whereas quinolone use appeared to be associated with better results. Treatment duration (8 vs. 12 weeks) had no significant impact.