Oral Flucloxacillin for Treating Osteomyelitis: A Narrative Review of Clinical Practice

Preiss, Helga; Kriechling, Philipp; Montrasio, Giulia; Huber, Tanja; Janssen, İmke; Moldovan, Andreea; Lipsky, Benjamin A.; Uçkay, İlker

doi:https://doi.org/10.7150/jbji.40667

Articles | Volume 5, issue 1

Article
Metrics
Related articles

Articles | Volume 5, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.7150/jbji.40667

Articles | Volume 5, issue 1

Article
Metrics
Related articles

Review

01 Jan 2020

Review |

| 01 Jan 2020

Oral Flucloxacillin for Treating Osteomyelitis: A Narrative Review of Clinical Practice

Helga Preiss, Philipp Kriechling, Giulia Montrasio, Tanja Huber, İmke Janssen, Andreea Moldovan, Benjamin A. Lipsky, and İlker Uçkay

Helga Preiss

Internal Medicine, Baden Hospital, Baden, Switzerland

Philipp Kriechling

Orthopaedic Surgery, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

Giulia Montrasio

Internal Medicine, Baden Hospital, Baden, Switzerland

Tanja Huber

Hospital Pharmacy, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

İmke Janssen

Internal Medicine, Zollikerberg Hospital, Zollikon, Switzerland

Andreea Moldovan

Infectiology, St. Constantin Hospital, Braşov, Romania

Benjamin A. Lipsky

Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

İlker Uçkay

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

Infectiology, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

Cited articles

Rod-Fleury T, Dunkel N, Assal M. et al. Duration of post-surgical antibiotic therapy for adult chronic osteomyelitis: a single-centre experience. Int Orthop. 2011;35:1725–31. [PMC free article]

Uçkay I, Jugun K, Gamulin A, Wagener J, Hoffmeyer P, Lew D. Chronic osteomyelitis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2012;14:566–75.

Gardiol C, Voumard R, Cochet C, de Vallière S. Setting up an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) unit in Switzerland: review of the first 18 months of activity. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;35:839–45.

Landesdorfer C, Bulitta J, Kinzig M. et al. Penetration of Antibacterials into Bone. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2009;48:89–124.

Gath J, Charles B, Sampso J, Smithurs B. Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Flucloxacillin in Elderly Hospitalized Patients. J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;35:31–6.

Li HK, Rombach I, Zambellas R. et al. Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infection. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:425–36. [PMC free article]

Zhou Q, Ruan Z, Yuan H, Jiang B, Xu D. RP-HPLC analysis of flucloxacillin in human plasma: Validation and application to a bioequivalence study. Pharmazie; 2007. p. 62.

Berbari EF, Kanj SS, Kowalski TJ. et al. 2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61:859–63.

Saavedra-Lozano J, Falup-Pecurariu O, Faust SN. et al. Bone and joint infections. Ped Infect Dis J. 2017;36:788–99. [Google Scholar]

Gariani K, Lebowitz D, Kressmann B. et al. Oral amoxicillin-clavulanate for treating diabetic foot infections. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21:1483–6.

Francis NA, Hood K, Lyons R, Butler CC. Understanding flucloxacillin prescribing trends and treatment non-response in UK primary care: A Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71:2037–46. [PMC free article]

Kerr BD, Finlayson GD, Thompson LJ, McConway JH. Full resolution of subacute acetabular osteomyelitis in an 11-year-old patient following nonsurgical management. J Orthop Traumatol Rehabil. 2017;9:62–4. [Google Scholar]

Post V, Wahl P, Uçkay I. et al. Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus causing musculoskeletal infections. Int J Med Microbiol. 2014;304:565–76.

Bouvet C, Gjoni S, Zenelaj B, Lipsky BA, Hakko E, Uçkay I. Staphylococcus aureus soft tissue infection may increase the risk of subsequent staphylococcal soft tissue infections. Int J Infect Dis. 2017;60:44–8.

Deabate L, Pagani L, Uçkay I. Modern Antibiotic Treatment of Chronic Long Bone Infections in Adults-Theory, Evidence and Practice. Mediter J Infect Microbes Antimicrob. 2014;3:9. [Google Scholar]

Vaudaux P, Ferry T, Uçkay I. et al. Prevalence of isolates with reduced glycopeptide susceptibility in orthopedic device-related infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012;31:3367–74.

Uçkay I, Bernard L, Buzzi M. et al. High prevalence of isolates with reduced glycopeptide susceptibility in persistent or recurrent bloodstream infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56:1258–64. [PMC free article]

Lowden CM, Walsh SJ. Acute staphylococcal osteomyelitis of the clavicle. J Pediatr Orthop. 1997;17:467–9.

Vinod MB, Matussek J, Curtis N, Graham HK, Carapetis JR. Duration of antibiotics in children with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. J Paediatr Child Health. 2002;38:363–7.

Sur A, Tsang K, Brown M, Tzerakis N. Management of adult spontaneous spondylodiscitis and its rising incidence. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2015;97:451–5. [PMC free article]

Alonge T, Ogunlade S, Omololu AB, Fashina AL, Oluwatosin A. Management of chronic osteomyelitis in a developing country using ceftriaxone-PMMA beads: An initial study. Int J Clin Pract. 2002;56:181–3.

Beronius M, Bergman B, Andersson R. Vertebral osteomyelitis in Göteborg, Sweden: a retrospective study of patients during 1990-95. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33:527–32.

Hughes L, Pace A. The Unusual Case of Osteomyelitis of the Acromion. Int J Orthop. 2016;3:577–80. [Google Scholar]

Pabla R, Tibrewal S, Ramachandran M, Barry M. Primary subacute osteomyelitis of the talus in children: a case series and review. Acta Orthop Belg. 2011;77:294–8.

Chiappini E, Mastrangelo G, Lazzeri S. A case of acute osteomyelitis: An update on diagnosis and treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health; 2016. p. 13. [PMC free article]

Dahal RK, Khan JA, Bijukachhe B. Recurrence of spinal epidural abscess after inadequate antibiotic dosage regimen. Grand Med J. 2019;1:66–9. [Google Scholar]

El Mezouar I, Abourazzak FZ, Mansouri S, Harzy T. Septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis: a case report. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;18:149. [PMC free article]

Freeman RT, Harrison WJ. Ward round-a football injury? Malawi Med J. 2008;20:32–3. [PMC free article]

Rajakulendran K, Picardo NE, El-Daly I, Hussein R. Brodie's abscess following percutaneous fixation of distal radius fracture in a child. Strat Traum Limb Recon. 2016;11:69–73. [PMC free article]

Waterhouse D, Hornibrook J. A rare cause of nasal septal abscess. NZ Med J. 2013;126:89–91.

Cheer K, Shearman C, Jude EB. Managing complications of the diabetic foot. BMJ. 2009;339:4905.

Marshman LAG, Bhatia CK, Krishna M, Friesem T. Primary erector spinae pyomyositis causing an epidural abscess: case report and literature review. Spine J. 2008;8:548–51.

Erturan G, Holme H, Smith R, Dodds R, Iyer S. Successful use of daptomycin in Panton-Valentine leucocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus paediatric osteomyelitis. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2012;3:238–41. [PMC free article]

Opara TN, Gupte CM, Liyanage SH, Poole S, Beverly MC. Tuberculous arthritis of the knee with Staphylococcus superinfection. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89:664–6.

Jeppesen SM, Frokjaer J, Yderstraede K. Conservative treatment in a patient with diabetic osteomyelitis: antibiotic treatment is sufficient for complete bone regeneration in selected cases. BMJ Case Rep. 2015; 2015. [PMC free article]

Lindau T, Oestreich K. Brodie's Abscess 7 Years after External Fixation of a Displaced Distal Radius Fracture: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. MOJ Ortho Rheuma. 2015;2:1–7. [Google Scholar]

Torda AJ, Gottlieb T, Bradbury R. Pyogenic Vertebral Osteomyelitis: Analysis of 20 Cases and Review. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:320–8.

www.compendium.ch. https://compendium.ch/home/de?Platform=Desktop.

Benkabouche M, Racloz G, Spechbach H, Lipsky BA, Gaspoz JM, Uçkay I. Four versus six weeks of antibiotic therapy for osteoarticular infections after implant removal: a randomized trial. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019;74:2394–9.

Menezes MN, de Marco BA, Fiorentino FAM, Zimmermann A, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN. Flucloxacillin: A Review of Characteristics, Properties and Analytical Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2019;49:67–77.

Australian Product Information - APO - Fluocloxacillin. CAS number 34214-51-2. Date of revision. 29 May 2018. Last assessed on 7 September; 2019. http://www.medicines.org.au/files/txpflucl.pdf. [Google Scholar]

Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Cornia PB. et al. 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:132–73.

Kim BN, Kim ES, Oh MD. Oral antibiotic treatment of staphylococcal bone and joint infections in adults. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69:309–22.

Nunn T, Rollinger P. Haematogenous pyogenic bone and joint sepsis - Reducing avoidable morbidity. South African Med J. 2007;97:456–60.

Lipsky BA, Baker PD, Landon GC, Fernau R. Antibiotic therapy for diabetic foot infections: comparison of two parenteral-to-oral regimens. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:643–8.

Commons RJ, Raby E, Athan E. et al. Managing diabetic foot infections: a survey of Australasian infectious diseases clinicians. J Foot Ankle Res. 2018;11:13. [PMC free article]

Merwick Á, Niamh Hannon N, Kelly PJ, O'Rourke K. Warfarin-flucloxacillin interaction presenting as cardioembolic ischemic stroke. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;66:643–4.

Garzoni C, Uçkay I, Belaieff W. et al. In vivo interactions of continuous flucloxacillin infusion and high-dose oral rifampicin in the serum of 15 patients with bone and soft tissue infections due to Staphylococcus aureus - a methodological and pilot study. Springer Plus. 2014;3:287. [PMC free article]

Gardiner SJ, Drennan PG, Begg R. et al. In healthy volunteers, taking flucloxacillin with food does not compromise effective plasma concentrations in most circumstances. PLoS One. 2018;13:1–14. [PMC free article]

Unsworth PF, Heatley FW, Phillips I. Flucloxacillin in bone. J Clin Pathol. 1978;31:705–11. [PMC free article]

Holm S, Larsson SE. The penetration of flucloxacillin into cortical and cancellous bone during arthroplasty of the knee. Int Orthop. 1982;6:243–7.

Torkington MS, Davison MJ, Wheelwright EF, Bone penetration of intravenous flucloxacillin and gentamicin as antibiotic prophylaxis during total hip and knee arthroplasty. Bone Joint J; 2017. p. 99. -B: 358-64.

Parsons RL, Beavis JP, Laurence M, David JA, Paddock GM, Trounce JR. Plasma, bone, hip capsule and drain fluid concentrations of ampicillin and flucloxacillin during total hip replacement after intravenous bolus injection of Magnapen. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1978;6:135–43. [PMC free article]

Alvarez Ferrero MM, Vree TB, Baars AM, Slooff TJ. Plasma and bone concentrations of cefuroxime and flucloxacillin. Oral versus parenteral administration in 20 arthroplasties. Acta Orthop Scand. 1993;64:525–9.

Köndell PA, Nord CE, Nordenram A. Concentrations of cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin in dental alveolar serum and mandibular bone. Int J Oral Surg. 1982;11:40–3.

Pinder N, Brenner T, Swoboda S, Weigand MA, Hoppe-Tichy T. Therapeutic drug monitoring of beta-lactam antibiotics - Influence of sample stability on the analysis of piperacillin, meropenem, ceftazidime and flucloxacillin by HPLC-UV. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2017;143:86–93.

Huwyler T, Lenggenhager L, Abbas M. et al. Cefepime plasma concentrations and clinical toxicity: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23:454–59.

Bachur R, Pagon Z. Success of short-course parenteral antibiotic therapy for acute osteomyelitis of childhood. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2007;46:30–5.

Le Saux, N, Howard A, Barrowman NJ, Gaboury I, Sampson M, Moher D. Shorter courses of parenteral antibiotic therapy do not appear to influence response rates for children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis. 2002;2:16. [PMC free article]

Zaoutis T, Localio AR Leckerman K, Saddlemire S Bertoch D, Keren R. Prolonged intravenous therapy versus early transition to oral antimicrobial therapy for acute osteomyelitis in children. Pediatrics. 2009;123:636–42. [PMC free article]

Lázaro-Martínez JL, Aragón-Sánchez J, García-Morales E. Antibiotics versus conservative surgery for treating diabetic foot osteomyelitis: A randomized comparative trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37:789–95.

Gehrke T, Parvizi J. 2013 Proceedings of the International Consensus Meeting on Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Philadelphia Consensus; 2013. pp. 93–5. https://www.efort.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Philadelphia_Consensus.pdf (last accessed on 17 October 2019) [Google Scholar]

Spellberg B, Lipsky BA. Systemic antibiotic therapy for chronic osteomyelitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:393–407. [PMC free article]