Articles | Volume 11, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-687-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-687-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
10 Nov 2026
| 10 Nov 2026
Corrigendum to“Differential synovial fluid white blood cell count for the diagnosis of chronic peri-prosthetic joint infection – a systematic review and meta-analysis” published in J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 165–184, 2025
Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, Clínic Barcelona. Carrer Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
Benjamin Langworthy
Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Martin Clauss
Center for Musculoskeletal Infections (ZMSI), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Ana Ribau
Orthopaedic and traumatology department, Unidade Local de Sáude do Médio Ave, Famalicao, Portugal
Ricardo Sousa
Porto Bone and Joint Infection Group (GRIP), ULS Santo António – Porto and CUF hospitals, Porto and Lisbon, Portugal
A full list of authors appears at the end of the paper.
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Irene K. Sigmund, Matthew J. Dietz, Marta Sabater-Martos, Antony J. R. Palmer, Nicolas Cortés-Penfield, and the “Serum Marker Workgroup” for the Unified PJI Definition Taskforce
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 363–376, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-363-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-363-2025, 2025
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Serum C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and interleukin-6 show the best performance among serum markers for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), but they lack sufficient accuracy to confirm or exclude infection reliably. These markers should be re-evaluated in future PJI definitions, as they are not suitable as stand-alone tests. Given their limitations and the superior diagnostic performance of synovial markers, the role of serum markers in PJI diagnosis should be reconsidered.
Marta Sabater-Martos, Laura Morata, Josep Maria Segur, Alex Soriano, and Juan Carlos Martínez-Pastor
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 237–241, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-237-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-237-2025, 2025
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This study's aim was to analyse the healing and failure rates of one-stage knee replacement in patients with positive and negative preoperative cultures and sinus presence. We concluded that culture-negative infections or the presence of a sinus tract showed similar results compared to patients that had undergone the same procedure with positive cultures or spared soft tissue.
Marta Sabater-Martos, Martin Clauss, Ana Ribau, Ricardo Sousa, and on behalf of the Leukocyte Count Synovial Fluid working group for the Unified PJI definition task force
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 165–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-165-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-165-2025, 2025
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This meta-analysis evaluates synovial fluid white blood cell count and polymorphonuclear neutrophil proportion in order to diagnose chronic peri-prosthetic joint infection. Based on 74 studies, it identifies optimal thresholds, with rule-in and rule-out thresholds enhancing diagnostic precision. Confounding factors such as fractures and inflammatory arthritis are addressed. The findings support standardized diagnostic frameworks in improving accuracy and clinical consistency.
Marta Sabater-Martos, Oscar Garcia, Laia Boadas, Laura Morata, Alex Soriano, and Juan Carlos Martínez-Pastor
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 41–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-41-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-41-2025, 2025
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This is a retrospective diagnostic study in acute postoperative prosthetic joint infection in total knee arthroplasty that wants to determine diagnostic accuracy of synovial glucose and serum-to-synovial glucose ratio in acute postoperative infection. Both tests demonstrated good diagnostic potential. Notably, these biomarkers exhibited superior accuracy compared to the combination of C-reactive protein, synovial white blood cell count and polymorphonuclear percentage.
Laia Boadas-Gironès, Marta Sabater-Martos, Marc Ferrer-Banus, Àlex Soriano-Viladomiu, and Juan Carlos Martínez-Pastor
J. Bone Joint Infect., 9, 241–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-9-241-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-9-241-2024, 2024
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When acute soft tissue defects are present after knee arthroplasty, the infection risk is high. A gastrocnemius flap is used for anterior defects, and it is not usually combined with debridement surgery unless infection is clear. We examined the benefit of combining coverage treatment with debridement surgery, DAIR, comparing the isolated traditional coverage treatment. The results suggested a higher healing rate in the combined treatment, so we recommended it.
Marta Sabater-Martos, Marc Ferrer, Laura Morata, Alex Soriano, and Juan Carlos Martínez-Pastor
J. Bone Joint Infect., 9, 17–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-9-17-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-9-17-2024, 2024
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This is a meta-analysis of six studies describing the cutoff values of white blood cell count and polymorphonuclear percentage in synovial fluid for the diagnosis of acute postoperative peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI).
We found that both the WBC count and PMN percentage are good markers for diagnosis of acute postoperative PJI. However, the synovial WBC count is more powerful in diagnosing acute postoperative PJI.
We found that both the WBC count and PMN percentage are good markers for diagnosis of acute postoperative PJI. However, the synovial WBC count is more powerful in diagnosing acute postoperative PJI.
Christen Ravn, Jeroen Neyt, Natividad Benito, Miguel Araújo Abreu, Yvonne Achermann, Svetlana Bozhkova, Liselotte Coorevits, Matteo Carlo Ferrari, Karianne Wiger Gammelsrud, Ulf-Joachim Gerlach, Efthymia Giannitsioti, Martin Gottliebsen, Nis Pedersen Jørgensen, Tomislav Madjarevic, Leonard Marais, Aditya Menon, Dirk Jan Moojen, Markus Pääkkönen, Marko Pokorn, Daniel Pérez-Prieto, Nora Renz, Jesús Saavedra-Lozano, Marta Sabater-Martos, Parham Sendi, Staffan Tevell, Charles Vogely, Alex Soriano, and the SANJO guideline group
J. Bone Joint Infect., 8, 29–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-8-29-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-8-29-2023, 2023
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Management of septic arthritis in native joints (SANJO) is often conducted by clinicians of different specialties, experience levels, and at all hours of the day. The SANJO guideline group makes evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis, microbiological investigation, initial surgery, empirical antibiotic treatment, early mobilization, evaluation of outcomes, and treatment failure. Special considerations were made for children, tuberculosis, and SANJO after cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Irene K. Sigmund, Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker, Tristan Ferry, Ricardo Sousa, Daniel Pérez-Prieto, Alex Soriano, Volker Alt, Willem J. Metsemakers, Martin Clauss, and Rihard Trebse
J. Bone Joint Infect., 11, 651–654, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-651-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-651-2026, 2026
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Sinus tracts are currently classified as present or absent in PJI definitions. Although appropriate for diagnosis, this binary approach does not reflect the considerable heterogeneity encountered in clinical practice. This Viewpoint highlights characteristics that may determine sinus tract complexity and proposes a framework for future standardized characterization to better inform surgical decision-making and treatment outcomes.
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Laura Bessems, Jolien Onsea, Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker, Irene K. Sigmund, Tristan Ferry, Richard Kuehl, Martin Clauss, Alex Soriano, Ricardo Sousa, Annette Schuermans, and Willem-Jan Metsemakers
J. Bone Joint Infect., 11, 489–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-489-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-489-2026, 2026
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J. Bone Joint Infect., 11, 113–121, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-113-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-113-2026, 2026
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Founded in 2019, the Center for Musculoskeletal Infections at University Hospital Basel was established to implement standardized, multidisciplinary care for orthopaedic and trauma-related infections. This retrospective analysis of hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections (2019–2022) illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of this structured approach, with infection control achieved in the majority of patients despite case complexity.
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Isolation of patients with musculoskeletal infections in orthopedic care is controversial. Evidence supports selective isolation for certain resistant pathogens but not for non-resistant pathogens, nor does it support the routine use of septic wards. Effective infection control depends on hospital-wide strategies and adherence to standard precautions, with specialized centres offering better care than dedicated isolation units.
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J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 403–410, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-403-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-403-2025, 2025
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Irene K. Sigmund, Matthew J. Dietz, Marta Sabater-Martos, Antony J. R. Palmer, Nicolas Cortés-Penfield, and the “Serum Marker Workgroup” for the Unified PJI Definition Taskforce
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 363–376, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-363-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-363-2025, 2025
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Serum C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and interleukin-6 show the best performance among serum markers for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), but they lack sufficient accuracy to confirm or exclude infection reliably. These markers should be re-evaluated in future PJI definitions, as they are not suitable as stand-alone tests. Given their limitations and the superior diagnostic performance of synovial markers, the role of serum markers in PJI diagnosis should be reconsidered.
Marta Sabater-Martos, Laura Morata, Josep Maria Segur, Alex Soriano, and Juan Carlos Martínez-Pastor
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 237–241, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-237-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-237-2025, 2025
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This study's aim was to analyse the healing and failure rates of one-stage knee replacement in patients with positive and negative preoperative cultures and sinus presence. We concluded that culture-negative infections or the presence of a sinus tract showed similar results compared to patients that had undergone the same procedure with positive cultures or spared soft tissue.
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J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 165–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-165-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-165-2025, 2025
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This is a summary of our position paper on debridement, antimicrobial therapy, and implant retention (DAIR) procedures as a curative treatment strategy for acute periprosthetic hip and knee infections. It includes the defined indications as well as the contraindications of DAIR procedures when eradication/cure is intended, based on the currently available literature.
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In this paper, we discuss the most relevant factors influencing the outcome and define indications, contraindications, and risk factors of a DAIR procedure based on the currently available literature. Furthermore, we discuss the surgical technique in combination with systemic antimicrobial therapy in patients undergoing a DAIR procedure.
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J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 41–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-41-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-41-2025, 2025
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This is a retrospective diagnostic study in acute postoperative prosthetic joint infection in total knee arthroplasty that wants to determine diagnostic accuracy of synovial glucose and serum-to-synovial glucose ratio in acute postoperative infection. Both tests demonstrated good diagnostic potential. Notably, these biomarkers exhibited superior accuracy compared to the combination of C-reactive protein, synovial white blood cell count and polymorphonuclear percentage.
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Skin commensal bacteria such as staphylococci are often the source of orthopaedic-device-related infections. Rifampicin is a widely used antibiotic in the treatment of these infections. The results of this study show that oral rifampicin therapy leads to a consistent and persistent induction of resistance in commensal staphylococci on the skin and in the nose for a prolonged time.
Noémie Reinert, Katinka Wetzel, Fabian Franzeck, Mario Morgenstern, Markus Aschwanden, Thomas Wolff, Martin Clauss, and Parham Sendi
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We assessed concordance of in-house guidelines for diagnostic principles and antibiotic treatment duration (ABT) 2 years after their implementation. The goal was to standardize diagnostic and treatment principles: are we doing what we recommend? The adherence to recommendations in terms of biopsy sampling was good, moderate for histopathology and poor for anatomic labeling. In terms of ABT duration, the adherence was good, but further shortening for surgically cured cases is necessary.
Stéphanie Pascual, Brooklyn Noble, Nusreen Ahmad-Saeed, Catherine Aldridge, Simone Ambretti, Sharon Amit, Rachel Annett, Shaan Ashk O'Shea, Anna Maria Barbui, Gavin Barlow, Lucinda Barrett, Mario Berth, Alessandro Bondi, Nicola Boran, Sara E. Boyd, Catarina Chaves, Martin Clauss, Peter Davies, Ileana T. Dianzo-Delgado, Jaime Esteban, Stefan Fuchs, Lennart Friis-Hansen, Daniel Goldenberger, Andrej Kraševac Glaser, Juha O. Groonroos, Ines Hoffmann, Tomer Hoffmann, Harriet Hughes, Marina Ivanova, Peter Jezek, Gwennan Jones, Zeynep Ceren Karahan, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Frédéric Laurent, Laura Leach, Matilde Lee Horsbøll Pedersen, Caroline Loiez, Maureen Lynch, Robert J. Maloney, Martin Marsh, Olivia Milburn, Shanine Mitchell, Luke S. P. Moore, Lynn Moffat, Marianna Murdjeva, Michael E. Murphy, Deepa Nayar, Giacomo Nigrisoli, Fionnuala O'Sullivan, Büşra Öz, Teresa Peach, Christina Petridou, Mojgan Prinz, Mitja Rak, Niamh Reidy, Gian Maria Rossolini, Anne-Laure Roux, Patricia Ruiz-Garbajosa, Kordo Saeed, Llanos Salar-Vidal, Carlos Salas Venero, Mathyruban Selvaratnam, Eric Senneville, Peter Starzengruber, Ben Talbot, Vanessa Taylor, Rihard Trebše, Deborah Wearmouth, Birgit Willinger, Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker, Brianne Couturier, and Florence Allantaz
J. Bone Joint Infect., 9, 87–97, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-9-87-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-9-87-2024, 2024
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This study conducted in multiple sites across Europe aimed to evaluate the BIOFIRE Joint Infection (JI) Panel, a new technology that uses multiplex PCR to detect microorganisms in synovial fluid of patients with suspicion of joint infections in 1 h, in comparison with synovial fluid culture. Results showed an overall agreement of 85 % to 88.4 % between the two methods. The JI Panel detected additional organisms, and the positive user experience highlights its clinical significance.
Marta Sabater-Martos, Marc Ferrer, Laura Morata, Alex Soriano, and Juan Carlos Martínez-Pastor
J. Bone Joint Infect., 9, 17–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-9-17-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-9-17-2024, 2024
Short summary
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This is a meta-analysis of six studies describing the cutoff values of white blood cell count and polymorphonuclear percentage in synovial fluid for the diagnosis of acute postoperative peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI).
We found that both the WBC count and PMN percentage are good markers for diagnosis of acute postoperative PJI. However, the synovial WBC count is more powerful in diagnosing acute postoperative PJI.
We found that both the WBC count and PMN percentage are good markers for diagnosis of acute postoperative PJI. However, the synovial WBC count is more powerful in diagnosing acute postoperative PJI.
Sara Elisa Diniz, Ana Ribau, André Vinha, José Carlos Oliveira, Miguel Araújo Abreu, and Ricardo Sousa
J. Bone Joint Infect., 8, 109–118, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-8-109-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-8-109-2023, 2023
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While there is no gold standard test to diagnose periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), we believe synovial fluid analysis, especially preoperatively, is a critical step in differentiating between infection and aseptic failure. Adding simple and inexpensive biomarkers such as synovial C-reactive protein (CRP) or adenosine deaminase (ADA) and combined interpretation can be helpful in the context of inconclusive results.
Christen Ravn, Jeroen Neyt, Natividad Benito, Miguel Araújo Abreu, Yvonne Achermann, Svetlana Bozhkova, Liselotte Coorevits, Matteo Carlo Ferrari, Karianne Wiger Gammelsrud, Ulf-Joachim Gerlach, Efthymia Giannitsioti, Martin Gottliebsen, Nis Pedersen Jørgensen, Tomislav Madjarevic, Leonard Marais, Aditya Menon, Dirk Jan Moojen, Markus Pääkkönen, Marko Pokorn, Daniel Pérez-Prieto, Nora Renz, Jesús Saavedra-Lozano, Marta Sabater-Martos, Parham Sendi, Staffan Tevell, Charles Vogely, Alex Soriano, and the SANJO guideline group
J. Bone Joint Infect., 8, 29–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-8-29-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-8-29-2023, 2023
Short summary
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Management of septic arthritis in native joints (SANJO) is often conducted by clinicians of different specialties, experience levels, and at all hours of the day. The SANJO guideline group makes evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis, microbiological investigation, initial surgery, empirical antibiotic treatment, early mobilization, evaluation of outcomes, and treatment failure. Special considerations were made for children, tuberculosis, and SANJO after cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Simon Martin Heinrich, Parham Sendi, and Martin Clauss
J. Bone Joint Infect., 6, 423–424, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-6-423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-6-423-2021, 2021
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We report on an 83-year-old woman who had an open removal of a baker's cyst several months after total knee arthroplasty. The following wound healing problem was first misinterpreted as being superficial. With an injection of methylene blue and a contrast medium, we showed the extent of the sinus tract, proving the periprosthetic joint infection.
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Short summary
This meta-analysis evaluates synovial fluid white blood cell count and polymorphonuclear neutrophil proportion in order to diagnose chronic peri-prosthetic joint infection. Based on 74 studies, it identifies optimal thresholds for both test. Confounding factors such as fractures and inflammatory arthritis are addressed. The findings support standardized diagnostic frameworks in improving accuracy and clinical consistency.
This meta-analysis evaluates synovial fluid white blood cell count and polymorphonuclear...
