Physicians have difficulties interpreting the isolation of Cutibacterium acnes in the spine tissue. Here we provide the experience of our center about this topic, adding data that can help physicians in their choices. Our results show that some clinical, radiological, and microbiological features can help distinguish patients to treat or not to treat. Moreover, treatment with parenteral beta-lactams appears to be effective, but targeted oral therapy could be a valid alternative.

This is a case report and literature review that describes Listeria monocytogenes as a rare cause of native vertebral osteomyelitis. This work reviewed previous published cases (nine cases to the best of our knowledge) and documented the clinical course, diagnostic challenges, and treatment of the disease. This case report aims to inform clinicians of the possibility of Listeria monocytogenes invading native joints in patients with or without risk factors.