Articles | Volume 11, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-219-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-219-2026
Review
 | 
13 Apr 2026
Review |  | 13 Apr 2026

Twenty common errors in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of fracture-related infection (FRI)

Goran Georgievski, Nike Walter, Ronald Man Yeung Wong, Irene Katharina Sigmund, Ashok Kanuri, Christian Heiss, and Markus Rupp

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Cited articles

Aboyans, V., Ricco, J. B., Bartelink, M. E. L., Björck, M., Brodmann, M., Cohnert, T., Collet, J. P., Czerny, M., De Carlo, M., Debus, S., Espinola-Klein, C., Kahan, T., Kownator, S., Mazzolai, L., Naylor, A. R., Roffi, M., Röther, J., Sprynger, M., Tendera, M., Tepe, G., Venermo, M., Vlachopoulos, C., and Desormais, I.: ESC Scientific Document Group, ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries Endorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO) The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS), Eur. Heart J., 39, 763–816., https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095, 2018. 
Ali, N., Hamouda, R., Tarek, R., Abdelhamid, M., Lashin, A., Hassan, R., Gamal, R., Elfaham, M., Attia, A., Abdelaleem, A., Sakna, N., Gamal, A., Aboelenin, S., AbdelHafez, R., Abdelkader, S., and Nabhan, A.: Non-adherence to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines: findings from a mixed-methods study in a developing country, Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control, 14, 89, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01607-5, 2025. 
Alt, V., McNally, M., Wouthuyzen-Bakker, M., Metsemakers, W. J., Marais, L., Zalavras, C., and Morgenstern, M.: The FRI classification – A new classification of fracture-related infections, Injury, 55, 111831, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2024.111831, 2024. 
Short summary
This article outlines 20 common errors in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of fracture-related infection (FRI), highlighting their clinical consequences and providing practical recommendations for avoiding them. By addressing typical pitfalls and emphasizing standardized procedures and interdisciplinary collaboration, the article aims to improve patient safety and treatment outcomes.
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