Articles | Volume 11, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-219-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-219-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Twenty common errors in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of fracture-related infection (FRI)
Goran Georgievski
Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Nike Walter
Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Virology, Munich, Germany
Ronald Man Yeung Wong
Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Irene Katharina Sigmund
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Ashok Kanuri
Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Christian Heiss
Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Biruni University, Istanbul, Türkiye
Markus Rupp
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Virology, Munich, Germany
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Lorenz Huber, Hasan S. Aguicenoglu, Susanne Baertl, Julia Elisabeth Lenz, Kristina Gerhardinger, Frank Hanses, Florian Zeman, Nike Walter, Volker Alt, and Markus Rupp
J. Bone Joint Infect., 11, 175–183, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-175-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-175-2026, 2026
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Septic arthritis is a dangerous joint infection that requires rapid treatment. We analysed patient data to test common blood and synovial fluid markers and a newly developed composite score combining these markers. The score demonstrated higher sensitivity than individual tests alone within this dataset. Prospective validation in larger cohorts is required before clinical application.
Laura Bessems, Jolien Onsea, Baixing Chen, Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker, Irene K. Sigmund, Tristan Ferry, Richard Kuehl, Martin Clauss, Alex Soriano, Ricardo Sousa, Annette Schuermans, and Willem-Jan Metsemakers
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 489–500, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-489-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-489-2025, 2025
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Isolation of patients with musculoskeletal infections in orthopedic care is controversial. Evidence supports selective isolation for certain resistant pathogens but not for non-resistant pathogens, nor does it support the routine use of septic wards. Effective infection control depends on hospital-wide strategies and adherence to standard precautions, with specialized centres offering better care than dedicated isolation units.
Lukas Rabitsch, Markus Luger, Felix Lötsch, Peter Starzengruber, Florian Thalhammer, Reinhard Windhager, Birgit Willinger, and Irene Katharina Sigmund
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 437–446, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-437-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-437-2025, 2025
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The novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), BioFire® Joint Infection Panel (BF-JIP; bioMérieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France), demonstrated similar diagnostic accuracy to conventional synovial fluid culture and can therefore serve as a valuable adjunct in diagnosing septic arthritis in adults, particularly in patients with prior antimicrobial therapy.
Laura K. Certain and Irene K. Sigmund
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 397–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-397-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-397-2025, 2025
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The Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) and the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) are comprised of experts in preventing, diagnosing, and managing orthopedic infections. In 2023, MSIS and EBJIS surveyed their membership about their approach to various clinical aspects of these challenging conditions. The results indicate that, even among experts, there remains substantial variability of practice. This variability reflects open questions in the field.
Irene K. Sigmund, Matthew J. Dietz, Marta Sabater-Martos, Antony J. R. Palmer, Nicolas Cortés-Penfield, and the “Serum Marker Workgroup” for the Unified PJI Definition Taskforce
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 363–376, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-363-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-363-2025, 2025
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Serum C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and interleukin-6 show the best performance among serum markers for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), but they lack sufficient accuracy to confirm or exclude infection reliably. These markers should be re-evaluated in future PJI definitions, as they are not suitable as stand-alone tests. Given their limitations and the superior diagnostic performance of synovial markers, the role of serum markers in PJI diagnosis should be reconsidered.
Irene K. Sigmund, Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker, Tristan Ferry, Willem-Jan Metsemakers, Martin Clauss, Alex Soriano, Rihard Trebse, and Ricardo Sousa
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 139–142, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-139-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-139-2025, 2025
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This is a summary of our position paper on debridement, antimicrobial therapy, and implant retention (DAIR) procedures as a curative treatment strategy for acute periprosthetic hip and knee infections. It includes the defined indications as well as the contraindications of DAIR procedures when eradication/cure is intended, based on the currently available literature.
Irene K. Sigmund, Tristan Ferry, Ricardo Sousa, Alex Soriano, Willem-Jan Metsemakers, Martin Clauss, Rihard Trebse, and Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker
J. Bone Joint Infect., 10, 101–138, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-101-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-101-2025, 2025
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In this paper, we discuss the most relevant factors influencing the outcome and define indications, contraindications, and risk factors of a DAIR procedure based on the currently available literature. Furthermore, we discuss the surgical technique in combination with systemic antimicrobial therapy in patients undergoing a DAIR procedure.
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Short summary
This article outlines 20 common errors in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of fracture-related infection (FRI), highlighting their clinical consequences and providing practical recommendations for avoiding them. By addressing typical pitfalls and emphasizing standardized procedures and interdisciplinary collaboration, the article aims to improve patient safety and treatment outcomes.
This article outlines 20 common errors in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of...