Articles | Volume 11, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-185-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-11-185-2026
Case report
 | 
30 Mar 2026
Case report |  | 30 Mar 2026

A hidden threat: a case of relapsed disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus infection and its therapeutic challenges

Katherine Grace Egan, Lisa Duffy, Catherine Fleming, Padraig McGettrick, Eavan G. Muldoon, Christine Kelly, James Woo, Emer Kilbride, Joseph Butler, Richard Storey, Christine Quinlan, Edward McDermott, Jonathan Hunter, and Carlos Mejia-Chew

Cited articles

Alahmdi, B., Dousa, K. M., Kurz, S. G., Kaufman, A., Bonomo, R. A., and Taimur, S.: Eradicating Pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus: The Promise of Dual β-Lactam Therapy, Open Forum Infect. Dis., 10, ofad312, https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad312, 2023. 
Benjamin, A., Stevenson, D. R., and Melzer, M.: Disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus with bone and central nervous system (CNS) involvement – a case report and review of the literature, Clin. Infect. Pract., 23, 100372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinpr.2024.100372, 2024. 
Choi, G. E., Shin, S. J., Won, C. J., Min, K. N., Oh, T., Hahn, M. Y., Lee, K., Lee, S. H., Daley, C., Kim, S., Jeong, B. H., Jeon, K., and Koh, W. J.: Macrolide Treatment for Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium massiliense Infection and Inducible Resistance, Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care, 186, 917–925, https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201111-2005OC, 2012. 
Cusumano, L. R., Tran, V., Tlamsa, A., Chung, P., Grossberg, R., Weston, G., and Sarwar, U. N.: Rapidly growing Mycobacterium infections after cosmetic surgery in medical tourists: the Bronx experience and a review of the literature, Int. J. Infect. Dis., 63, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2017.07.022, 2017. 
Dahl, V. N., Mølhave, M., Fløe, A., van Ingen, J., Schön, T., Lillebaek, T., Andersen, A. B., and Wejse, C.: Global trends of pulmonary infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a systematic review, Int. J. Infect. Dis., 125, 120–131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.013, 2022. 
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Short summary
Disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus infection is a rare clinical presentation that is challenging to treat due to the limited number of therapeutic options available. This complex case involved multi-speciality input across two hospitals. In the absence of guidelines for the management of extra-pulmonary and disseminated disease, our case  highlights which pharmacological agents were used and how surgery was utilised to achieve source control.
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