Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-7-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-10-7-2025
Original full-length article
 | 
04 Feb 2025
Original full-length article |  | 04 Feb 2025

Effect of oral antibiotics after two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection on subsequent antibiotic resistance within a national cohort of United States veterans

Judd Payne, Jesse D. Sutton, Brenna E. Blackburn, Snehal Bansod, Hannah Imlay, Emily S. Spivak, Jakrapun Pupaibool, Jeremy M. Gililland, and Laura K. Certain

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Cited articles

Frank, J. M., Kayupov, E., Moric, M., Segreti, J., Hansen, E., Hartman, C., Okroj, K., Belden, K., Roslund, B., Silibovsky, R., Parvizi, J., Della Valle, C. J., The Knee Society Research Group, Sporer, S. M., Austin, M. S., Garvin, K. L., Vail, T., Backstein, D., Tan, T., Dalury, D., and Mont, M. A.: The Mark Coventry, MD, Award: Oral Antibiotics Reduce Reinfection After Two-Stage Exchange: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 475, 56–61, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-016-4890-4, 2017. 
Gafter-Gvili, A., Paul, M., Fraser, A., and Leibovici, L.: Effect of quinolone prophylaxis in afebrile neutropenic patients on microbial resistance: systematic review and meta-analysis, J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 59, 5–22, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkl425, 2006. 
Gafter-Gvili, A., Fraser, A., Paul, M., Vidal, L., Lawrie, T. A., van de Wetering, M. D., Kremer, L. C., and Leibovici, L.: Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., CD004386, https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004386.pub3, 2012. 
Jo, J. H., Harkins, C. P., Schwardt, N. H., Portillo, J. A., Zimmerman, M. D., Carter, C. L., Hossen, M. A., Peer, C. J., Polley, E. C., Dartois, V., Figg, W. D., Moutsopoulos, N. M., Segre, J. A., and Kong, H. H.: Alterations of human skin microbiome and expansion of antimicrobial resistance after systemic antibiotics, Sci. Transl. Med., 13, eabd8077, https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abd8077, 2021. 
Kelly, M. P., Gililland, J. M., Blackburn, B. E., Anderson, L. A., Pelt, C. E., and Certain, L. K.: Extended Oral Antibiotics Increase Bacterial Resistance in Patients Who Fail 2-Stage Exchange for Periprosthetic Joint Infection, J. Arthroplasty, 37, S989–S996, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2022.01.027, 2022. 
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Short summary
Antibiotics are often used to reduce the rate of recurrent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients with prior PJI. This study found that patients treated with such prophylactic antibiotics had an increased rate of infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms in any recurrent PJIs that occurred.