Many studies evaluating infection tests after joint replacement focus only on patients who have surgery, but not all painful joints are operated on. This can lead to biased results. Our comment highlights this issue and suggests that including patients who do not have surgery but are monitored over time can give a clearer picture. This helps ensure that infection tests are more accurate when used in everyday medical practice, not just in surgical cases.

Our results indicate that certain parameters such as diabetes, low albumin levels, and prolonged duration of surgery are associated with a higher risk of infection in patients undergoing musculoskeletal tumor resection and megaprosthetic reconstruction. Strategies targeted towards glycemic control and nutritional status optimization are of great significance, while parameters that can affect the operating time can also have a positive impact on periprosthetic joint infection prevention.

This review assessed the effectiveness of single- and two-stage procedures for treating long-bone fracture-related infections, focusing on unhealed fractures without critical-sized bone defects. A total of 35 studies with 985 patients showed bone-healing rates of 80% for single-stage procedures and 77% for two-stage procedures. Infection eradication rates were 87% for single-stage approaches and 81% for two-stage approaches. The current evidence is inconclusive and lacks sufficient data to favor either approach.